function image_edit_apply_changes( $image, $changes ) {
  if ( is_resource( $image ) ) {
    /* translators: 1: $image, 2: WP_Image_Editor */
    _deprecated_argument( image_edit_apply_changes, '3.5.0', sprintf( __( '%1$s needs to be a %2$s object.' ), '$image', 'WP_Image_Editor' ) );
  }

  if ( ! is_array( $changes ) ) {
    return $image;
  }

  // Expand change operations.
  foreach ( $changes as $key => $obj ) {
    if ( isset( $obj->r ) ) {
      $obj->type  = 'rotate';
      $obj->angle = $obj->r;
      unset( $obj->r );
    } elseif ( isset( $obj->f ) ) {
      $obj->type = 'flip';
      $obj->axis = $obj->f;
      unset( $obj->f );
    } elseif ( isset( $obj->c ) ) {
      $obj->type = 'crop';
      $obj->sel  = $obj->c;
      unset( $obj->c );
    }
    $changes[ $key ] = $obj;
  }

  // Combine operations.
  if ( count( $changes ) > 1 ) {
    $filtered = array( $changes[0] );
    for ( $i = 0, $j = 1, $c = count( $changes ); $j < $c; $j++ ) {
      $combined = false;
      if ( $filtered[ $i ]->type == $changes[ $j ]->type ) {
        switch ( $filtered[ $i ]->type ) {
          case 'rotate':
            $filtered[ $i ]->angle += $changes[ $j ]->angle;
            $combined               = true;
            break;
          case 'flip':
            $filtered[ $i ]->axis ^= $changes[ $j ]->axis;
            $combined              = true;
            break;
        }
      }
      if ( ! $combined ) {
        $filtered[ ++$i ] = $changes[ $j ];
      }
    }
    $changes = $filtered;
    unset( $filtered );
  }

  // Image resource before applying the changes.
  if ( $image instanceof WP_Image_Editor ) {

    
/**
 * Filters the WP_Image_Editor instance before applying changes to the image.
 *
 * @since 3.5.0
 *
 * @param WP_Image_Editor $image   WP_Image_Editor instance.
 * @param array           $changes Array of change operations.
 */
    $image = apply_filters( 'wp_image_editor_before_change', $image, $changes );
  } elseif ( is_resource( $image ) ) {

    
/**
 * Filters the GD image resource before applying changes to the image.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 * @deprecated 3.5.0 Use {@see 'wp_image_editor_before_change'} instead.
 *
 * @param resource $image   GD image resource.
 * @param array    $changes Array of change operations.
 */
    $image = apply_filters_deprecated( 'image_edit_before_change', array( $image, $changes ), '3.5.0', 'wp_image_editor_before_change' );
  }

  foreach ( $changes as $operation ) {
    switch ( $operation->type ) {
      case 'rotate':
        if ( 0 != $operation->angle ) {
          if ( $image instanceof WP_Image_Editor ) {
            $image->rotate( $operation->angle );
          } else {
            $image = _rotate_image_resource( $image, $operation->angle );
          }
        }
        break;
      case 'flip':
        if ( 0 != $operation->axis ) {
          if ( $image instanceof WP_Image_Editor ) {
            $image->flip( ( $operation->axis & 1 ) != 0, ( $operation->axis & 2 ) != 0 );
          } else {
            $image = _flip_image_resource( $image, ( $operation->axis & 1 ) != 0, ( $operation->axis & 2 ) != 0 );
          }
        }